Southern Fire Exchange

Community Wildfire Mitigation Best Practices Training
2022-02-14 - 2022-04-15
This national level training from Coalitions & Collaboratives, Inc. and the USDA Forest Service is designed for current or future mitigation specialists, wildfire program leads, and others who work with residents and their communities to reduce wildfire risk. The Mitigation Best Practices training concentrates on science, methods and tools that will help you engage communities/residents while also helping you to eliminate ineffective practices.
Participants should come with a basic understanding of wildfire, how homes burn, and vegetation management practices. The course assumes you know how to mitigate, but that you could use support engaging your community. In this workshop, you will work through some of the greatest challenges facing our wildland urban interface communities. The course will help you break down ineffective practices to make space for the more effective ones with a focus on the on-the-ground mitigation activities.

REGISTER HERE

Participation in the course is limited to individuals actively engaged in mitigation. Selection to participate in the training will be based on your answers provided and on submission date.

You may view and download the 2021 class syllabus
HERE.

Roscommon Equipment Center Workshop
2022-02-03 13:00 - 15:00 (America/New_York)
State wildfire professionals, equipment program leaders and others in the field are invited to attend the annual Roscommon Equipment Center Workshop, featuring a shop tour, equipment demonstrations and networking opportunties.
The 2022 Roscommon Equipment Center workshop will be shared via Microsoft Teams Feb. 3 from 1-3 p.m.

SFE Webinar: Early Implementation of the US Forest Service’s Shared Stewardship Strategy in the Eastern United States
2022-02-03 13:00 - 14:00
Register here.
Presenters:
Destin Kee, University of Georgia
Tyler Aldworth, Colorado State University
Dr. Jesse Abrams, University of Georgia
Webinar Description: The Shared Stewardship Strategy was launched by the U.S. Forest Service in 2018 as a means to promote management across ownerships and jurisdictions in pursuit of common goals regarding restoration, fire risk reduction, and the management of water and other resources. Since that time, 28 states have signed Shared Stewardship memoranda of understanding with the U.S. Forest Service and other federal agencies committing to working in partnership. This webinar reports on findings from preliminary research on Shared Stewardship implementation in seven states east of the Rocky Mountains (AR, FL, GA, MA, NE, NC, TX), focusing on understandings of “Shared Stewardship,” perceived opportunities and challenges to working across boundaries, and changes instituted to date. We will also discuss commonalities and contrasts with Shared Stewardship implementation in western states where federal lands are more abundant. Following the presentations there will be time for audience Q/A with the speakers.

Longleaf Foundations Workshop
2022-02-02 08:30 - 17:00
Date: February 2, 2022
Time: 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM
Time Zone: America/Chicago
Location: Timpoochee 4-H Youth Camp, 4750 Timpoochee Lane
Niceville, FL 32578 United States
Cost: $50.00 – $75.00
Contact: Karen Zilliox Brown
Register here.
Longleaf Foundations is a one-day course, a condensed version of Longleaf 101, designed for those that would like to begin building a solid foundation of longleaf knowledge. Expert instruction, through a combination of classroom lectures, guided discussions, and hands-on exercises, will jump-start your longleaf education.
FLYER & AGENDA

Louisiana Prescribed Fire Workshop
2022-02-02 - 2022-02-04
For more information, contact Whitney Wallace, wwallace@agcenter.lsu.edu
This is a re-schedule from the original November workshop because of Hurricane Ida.

Sarasata Florida Fire Fest 2022
2022-01-29 10:00 - 14:00
Fire Fest 2022 is a FREE fun family event that takes a look at how prescribed burns protect our communities and property from wildfires and maintains Florida’s natural ecosystems for present and future generations. Do you ever wonder why you see all those smoke columns across the horizon? Agencies from around the state come together to talk fire. Enjoy live fire demonstrations, helicopter bucket drops, and nature tours. Kids will have a blast on the SWAT obstacle course, and will enjoy fun games and face painting in the KidZone. For more information, visit scgov.net or call 941-861-5000.
Find full information here.

Partner Webinar: Community Health Workers: Building Cultural Bridges to Address Environmental Public Health
2022-01-27 13:00 - 14:00
Please join us for the upcoming PEPH webinar: Community Health Workers: Building Cultural Bridges to Address Environmental Public Health.

Date: Thursday January 27, 2022 • 1:00 – 2:00 p.m.

Registration (required): https://nih.zoomgov.com/meeting/register/vJIsd-GvrTsrHNIds8dTqR_wWMG73OuWaBg

A community health worker is a frontline public health worker who is a trusted member of and/or has an unusually close understanding of the community served, as defined by the American Public Health Association. This trusting relationship enables the worker to serve as a liaison, link, or intermediary between health and social services and the community. This linkage facilitates access to services and improves the quality and cultural competence of service delivery. A community health worker also builds individual and community capacity by increasing health knowledge and self-sufficiency through a range of activities such as outreach, community education, informal counseling, social support, and advocacy. In the context of environmental health research, community health workers can foster trusting relationships between researchers and the community residents and ensure that research and communication approaches are culturally appropriate.
During this webinar we will hear two co-presentations about NIEHS-funded projects where academics are partnering with community health workers to address local environmental health issues.

For more information about the webinar including the full webinar description and presenter bios please refer to the webinar webpage.

SFE Webinar: Herbert Stoddard and the Origins of Ecosystem Management
2022-01-27 13:00 - 14:00 | Virtual
A free one hour webinar from Tall Timbers Research Station, the Southern Fire Exchange, NC State University, and the University of Florida.
Society of American Foresters CFE Credit Expected.
Presenter:
Jim Cox, Tall Timbers Research Station
Webinar Description: Herbert Stoddard has been undervalued and sometimes overlooked in terms of his contributions to wildlife conservation and management in North America. Although his formal education ended in the 8th grade, Stoddard fundamentally changed game species management through a focus on habitat management rather than bag limits. He also established the study of fire ecology and developed novel timber management strategies that mimicked natural disturbances, provided income for landowners, and also met the needs of rare species. Stoddard is also responsible in part for establishing the Wade Tract, the only National Natural Landmark dedicated to the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem. Following the presentations there will be time for audience Q/A with the speaker.
Register here: https://ufl.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_LT1PimqlRVSjrJTJdNsoNA

SFE Webinar: Overview of the US National Fire Danger Rating System Version 4.0 (2016): Lessons learned from the Southeast US implementation
2022-01-21 13:00 - 14:00 | Virtual
A free one hour webinar from the US Forest Service, North Carolina Prescribed Fire Council, the Southern Fire Exchange, NC State University, and the University of Florida.
Society of American Foresters CFE Credit Expected.
Presenter:
Dr. Matt Jolly, Research Ecologist, US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory
Webinar Description: The US National Fire Danger Rating System is the foundation for wildland fire preparedness and response decision support throughout the country. Here we will present the development and implementation of the first revisions to the system in 40 years. We discuss the improvements made to dead and live fuel moisture models and simplifications made to fuel models and summarize how these improvements pave the way for technological advancements in future fire danger systems. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learned while implementing NFDRS V4 throughout the Federal and State land management agencies in the Southeast US. Following the presentations there will be time for audience Q/A with the speaker.

Register here: https://ufl.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_Nb40EuIPQFKhiQMYNGBB4Q

Fueling Collaboration: Smoke is NOT Just Smoke
2022-01-20 12:00 - 14:00
Smoke was already an important issue in wildland fire, but this summer is driving home the point even more across the eastern US. Whether it’s the western US and Canadian wildfire smoke or smoke from more local prescribed fires, what are the messages we should be communicating? What are the tools that can help us assess impacts? Attend this session to hear about the latest and greatest regarding smoke.
Register here.

Partner Webinar: Tainted Grapes, Tainted Lungs: Extreme Wildfire Impacts to Undocumented Latino/a and Indigenous Migrants
2022-01-11 17:00 - 19:00
As climate change advances, communities across the United States are adapting to the increased threat of wildfires. Such disasters are expected to become more frequent and severe.
In this lecture, Dr. Méndez explores why it is crucial to understand how these events amplify existing inequalities, and how to lessen the resulting harms, in particular for the most stigmatized populations, such as undocumented Latino/a and Indigenous migrants.
Register here.

Southeast Climate Monthly Webinar
2022-01-11 10:00 - 11:00
The Southeast Climate monthly webinar series is held on the 2nd Tuesday of each month at 10:00 am ET. This series is hosted by the Southeast Regional Climate Center (SERCC), the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), and the NOAA National Weather Service. These webinars will provide the region with timely information on current and developing climate conditions such as drought, floods, and tropical storms, as well as climatic events like El Niño and La Niña. Speakers may also discuss the impacts of these conditions on topics such as agriculture production, water resources, wildfires and ecosystems.
Register here.
Upcoming Webinar Special Topics:
January 11th, 2022 – Hourly Precipitation Trends in the Southeast; Vincent Brown, LSU/SCIPP
February 8th, 2022 – Flood Climatology in the Southeast; Jeff Dobur, NWS Southeast River Forecast Center
March 8th, 2022 – Citizen Science for Understanding Weather and Climate: The CoCoRaHS volunteer network; Melissa Griffin, South Carolina State Climatology Office
April 12th, 2022 – Acidification in the U.S. Southeast: Causes, Potential Consequences; Emily Hall, Mote Marine Laboratory

2022 National Association of State Foresters’ CMS-Wildland Fire Committee Meeting
2022-01-11 - 2022-01-14
The 2022 National Association of State Foresters’ CMS-Wildland Fire Committee Meeting is expected to attract national leaders and exhibitors in the wildfire and forest management sectors and provide ample opportunity to interact with speakers and industry representatives.
The 2022 NASF CMS-Wildland Fire Committee Meeting will be held at the Hyatt Regency Tamaya Resort and Spa just outside Albuquerque January 11-14, 2022. The registration fee is $325 for attendees.
Registration will close on December 20, 2021.
Registration and full information can be found on the event website.

Partner Webinar: Bunchgrass Ecology in Fire-Prone Pine Savannas
2021-12-17 12:00 - 13:00
The Florida Native Plant Society will host the lunch and learn.
Join via YouTube here.

Fueling Collaboration: Fire and Timber Management in Mixed Woods
2021-12-16 12:00 - 14:00
This session will focus on challenges and opportunities for using prescribed fire in mixed oak-pine forests of the eastern U.S. with both timber and natural community management values.
Register here.

Partner Webinar: Invasive grass-fire feedbacks in Shawnee National Forest
2021-12-14 15:00 - 16:00
This webinar is brought to you by the Oak Woodlands & Forests Fire Science Consortium and is the first webinar of the Fall Webinar Series
This webinar will be presented by Ron Salemme, University of Illinois
Registration is required (link below)!!
Webinar title: Invasive grass-fire feedbacks in Shawnee National Forest
Date/Time: December 14, 2021 at 1pm central time
The Wildlife Society and The Society of American Foresters continuing education credits (1 hour Cat 1) approved
Register here: https://umsystem.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJwocOippjgqGdMQWd91Tqi1c98nUZndO0Ku
A unique Zoom Meeting link will be emailed to you. Enter the meeting room beginning at 12:45 pm (central time) on the day of the webinar.
Webinar Abstract:
Non-native grass invasions are altering fuels and fire behavior in forests, with uncertain consequences for tree regeneration and forest dynamics. We examined whether invasion by Microstegium vimineum, the most widespread invasive grass in the eastern United States, interacts with prescribed fire to reduce tree regeneration and evaluated how such interactions might influence long-term regeneration dynamics in the Central Hardwoods Region. Using paired invaded and uninvaded plots subjected to fall or spring burning, we quantified differences in pre-fire juvenile tree regeneration, fire intensity, and survival and resprouting rates of naturally established juvenile trees of varying sizes and species. Our results suggest that, while grass invasion can have varying effects on fire intensity, it consistently alters forest dynamics by reducing the resilience of tree regeneration to fire. Lengthening the time between prescribed fire applications in grass-invaded forests may be necessary to allow juvenile trees to reach an adequate size to survive burning.

Partner Webinar: Southeast Climate Monthly Webinar
2021-12-14 10:00 - 11:00
The Southeast Climate monthly webinar series is held on the 2nd Tuesday of each month at 10:00 am ET. This series is hosted by the Southeast Regional Climate Center, in partnership with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and the NOAA National Weather Service. These webinars will provide the region with timely information on current and developing climate conditions such as drought, floods and tropical storms, as well as climatic events like El Niño and La Niña. Speakers may also discuss the impacts of these conditions on topics such as agriculture production, water resources, wildfires and ecosystems.
Upcoming Webinar Special Topics: December 14th, 2021 – El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Michelle L’Heureux, NWS CPC
Register here.

Marsh Burning Certification Class
2021-12-13 09:00 - 13:00
December 13, 2021, 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.
Vermilion Parish
LSU Ag Center Conference Room
1105 W Port St
Abbeville, LA 70510

This class will address all the essential elements of conducting controlled burns in coastal marsh habitats. Successfully completing the class along with burning experience is required for Prescribed Burner – Marshland certification by the La. Department of Agriculture and Forestry.
Who Should Attend: Coastal Marsh Landowners and Land Managers, Hunters & Trappers Who Assist with Controlled Burns, Anyone Interested in Using Fire as a Marsh Management Technique.
Cost and Registration: There is no cost to attend the class but pre-registration is requested. To preregister, email Faran Dietz at fdietz@ldaf.state.la.us
Registration 8:30 am– 9:00am
1. 9:00 – Introduction to Prescribed Burner Certification
2. 9:15 – Why Burn the Marsh: Ecology of Louisiana Marshlands
3. 10:00 – Fire Weather Forecast
4. 10:30 – Break
5. 10:45 – Smoke Management
6. 11:15 – Fire Line Establishment
7. 11:45 – The Prescribed Burning Plan
8. 12:15 – Test
Instructors:
Cornelis F. de Hoop, cdehoop@agcenter.lsu.edu , (225) 578-4242
J. Andy Nyman, JNyman@lsu.edu , (225) 578-4220
School of Renewable Natural Resources, LSU AgCenter

Partner Webinar: Boundary spanning features for collective action to reduce wildfire risk
2021-12-09 14:00 - 15:00
This presentation will share key findings from a recent Joint Fire Science Project, specifically on:
1) the multiple types of boundaries in managing wildfire risk, and the boundary spanning features that can help cross them;
2) what strategies actors utilized for wildfire risk reduction across five case studies in the West; and
3) questions and ideas for future research and practice. This work is intended to help wildfire practitioners and managers better understand and address these organizational complexities as they work toward greater collective impact.
Register here.

Partner Webinar: Reflection, Reset, and Residue in Wildland Fire Management
2021-12-08 17:00 - 18:00
IAWF WORKFORCE RESILIENCE IGNITE TALK
YOU are part of Mission Critical Teams: Reflection, Reset, and Residue in Wildland Fire Management
December 8th at 3:00 pm MST

Register here.
Mission critical teams are small (4-12 agents) integrated groups of indigenously trained and educated experts who leverage tools and technology to resolve rapidly emergent complex adaptive problems in an immersive but constrained (300 seconds or less) temporal environments where the consequence of failure can be a catastrophic loss. These teams are able to consistently innovate as fast, or faster, than the evolving problem sets by moving their focus from trying to predict future problem sets to building the capacity of the team to resolve whatever problem set emerges.
Reflection: MCTs are made up of experts like you who hold the requisite skill and solutions but may lack the language to pass that knowledge on to the rest of the team, such as knowing how to ride a bike, but being unable to explain it to someone else. Leaders in Wildland Fire need to find the language to pass on their experience and navigate between critical and routine environments.
Reset: Wildland fire is about having one experience after another, throughout your career. The question is how do we make meaning of those experiences in such a way that they fuel us, rather than distract us from the next experience. Part of this is about taking the time to find purposeful meaning with After Action Reviews which actually influence the story that team members will tell about themselves, and their team, after an event.
Residue: You are not broken. You are not a victim. You are not a survivor. You have chosen the hard path—a path full of extreme experiences, both good and bad, which leave memories. These memories, in turn, leave a residue within you, which if processed can serve as the fuel that moves us to wisdom and joy. If unprocessed, however, it will begin to build up, to harden, until you can no longer move or breathe, until all you know is pain and sorrow. MCTI rejects the idea that Operators, in Medicine, Fire, Law Enforcement and Military, must sacrifice their lives and souls, in exchange for living a life of service.

S-131 Firefighter Type 1
2021-12-07 - 2021-12-08
This NWCG Course is designed to meet the training needs of the Firefighter Type 1
(FFT1) and/or Incident Commander Type 5 (ICT5). Topics include operational
leadership, communications, LCES, and tactical decision-making. This course includes Sand Table exercises.
For more information and to sign up contact Instructor Willie Cirone at 973-332-6797
TUITION COST: $100.00 INCLUDES BOOKS
Minimum class size 8 students
Bring your IRPG
Course Location
Suncoast Wildland Fire Academy
3600 Circus Blvd, Sarasota, FL 34232g

Partner Webinar: Comparing Air Quality and Public Health Impacts from Prescribed Fire and Wildfire Smoke
2021-11-30 13:00 - 14:00
Join us for a conversation about the recent release of the EPA Report on Comparing Air Quality and Public Health Impacts from Prescribed Fire and Wildfire Smoke. Jason Sacks, with the Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will be joining us for an overview of the studies that provided the information for this report aimed at helping federal, state, local and Tribal partners and fire organizations make risk management decisions to reduce the impacts of wildfire smoke in their communities.
Register here.

9th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress - Life with Fire: Prescriptions for Resilience
2021-11-30 08:00 - 2021-12-04 17:00 | Miramar Beach, Florida, Miramar Beach, FL, United States
Join the Southern Fire Exchange, the Fire Science Exchange Network, and others as we participate in this hybrid-virtual conference!

From the conference webpage:
The Association for Fire Ecology is excited to host this event with Tall Timbers at Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort, November 30 to December 4, 2021. The Fire Congress will offer an exciting blend of in-person and virtual learning opportunities for fire managers, natural resource professionals, policy and administrative leaders, and the academic and research community. It is shaping up to be a groundbreaking and meaningful event that we hope you will join either in person or virtually!
The Southern Fire Exchange, Tall Timbers, and other partners are helping to arrange for an exciting lineup of fire science field trips in the North Florida region. Confirmed field trips will visit Eglin Air Force Base, Topsail Hill Preserve State Park, and Deer Lake State Park to learn about their prescribed fire management programs.

October Texas Longleaf Implementation Team Team Meeting
2021-11-19 11:30 - 13:00
This year’s fall meeting will be held in conjunction with the Texas Forestry Association‘s Annual Meeting at the Fredonia Hotel and Conference Center on Tuesday, October 19 from 10:30 to noon.
Agenda:

Welcome and Introductions
State of the Team Update – Jenny Sanders
Texas Longleaf: The Western Edge of a Range-Wide Restoration Effort – Speaker TBD, The Longleaf Alliance
Panel Discussion: Priorities, Opportunities and Challenges for Longleaf Restoration in Texas.

This meeting serves to connect landowners, partners and delivery experts, and provide a networking opportunity for those interested in playing a role in Longleaf restoration in Texas.
Registration for the TFA Meeting is not required to attend the TLIT meeting, but we hope you will consider participating in some or all of this great event. Info on the meeting can be found here, and online registration is now open!

Partner Webinar: Don't Let Perfection Be the Enemy of Good – Lessons from the Longleaf Pine Savanna Restoration
2021-11-19 11:30 - 12:30
Join us on Friday, November 19 at 11:30 AM (EST) for the next LIVE Chestnut Chat: Don’t Let Perfection Be the Enemy of Good – Lessons from Longleaf Pine Savanna Restoration. Presenters Zach Prusak (Tall Timbers Research Station), Chris Matson (Florida Park Service), and Walt Thomson and Chaz Oliver (The Nature Conservancy) will look at the Longleaf Pine Savanna restoration process as an analogy for American chestnut restoration. While this is not an apples-to-apples comparison, the Chat will focus on how we can perceive this gigantic undertaking: Are there out-of-the-box perspectives that can be incorporated into the journey towards American chestnut restoration? What roadblocks and bottlenecks were encountered amidst Longleaf Pine Savanna restoration and how were those overcome?

Fueling Collaboration: Fire and the Carbon Cycle
2021-11-18 12:00 - 14:00
This panel discussion will explore the dynamic role that fire plays in soil nutrient cycling, carbon dynamics, and other ecosystem processes.
Register here.

SFE Webinar: Exploring Spatial Scale in Prescribed Fire Regimes with Examples from the Southeast
2021-11-17 13:00 - 14:00 | Virtual
SFE Webinar: Exploring Spatial Scale in Prescribed Fire Regimes with Examples from the Southeast
Description: Land managers often incorporate ecological principles into their planned fire regimes. One ecological principle that may affect the conservation outcome of prescribed fires is that ecological interactions are often spatial scale-dependent. While this principle is well researched in ecology, our review of the fire ecology literature indicated it is rarely studied in this context. Moreover, we analyzed trends in the size of prescribed fires over the past few decades to reveal that they tend to be larger than unsuppressed lightning ignited fires. We don’t know for sure if or how mismatches in the spatial scale of fire may impact wildlife and plants but we used previous literature from the southeastern United States to highlight some important interactions that may be fire spatial-scale dependent. Our series of analyses indicates that additional research focused on understanding spatial scale dependent patterns are needed to inform management which often occurs at larger scales than the research informing it.
Speaker: David Mason, PhD Student, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida
Webinar Registration Link: https://ufl.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_MnVeZNiVTOSAn3NmA1gJuA
Webinar Partners: The Southern Fire Exchange, NC State University, and the University of Florida.
Webinar Target Audience: Natural Resource Managers, Park Rangers, Researchers, Public Information Officers, Outreach Specialists, Cooperative Extension Agents

Partner Webinar: Science in Practice: From the Mountains to the Coast: Fire Effects on the Soils of the South
2021-11-17 09:00 - 09:30
Presented by Mac Callaham, SRS Research Ecologist
Wednesday, November 17, 2021 • 9:00—9:30 a.m. ET
You can connect to the webinar through Microsoft Teams.
Some key messages from this webinar:

For most of the last 10,000 years, the majority of the land area in the Southeastern US experienced frequent fires, which influenced forest composition and soil functions.
During the most recent 100-200 years, fire has been excluded from a large portion of the landscape, with associated changes to forests and soils.
What happens when fires return to ecosystems that haven’t burned for long periods of time? What are the consequences for soil processes? This presentation will present results from research on these questions in the Appalachian Mountains, the Southern Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain.

The Science in Practice webinar series is comprised of 30 minute sessions that summarize recent research with a focus on practical take-aways for land managers and practitioners.
View past Science in Practice webinars here.

Fire & Longleaf 201 Academy
2021-11-16 - 2021-11-18
Date: November 16, 2021 – November 18, 2021
Time: 12:00 AM – 11:59 PM
Time Zone: America/New_York
Location: Georgia Forestry Commission – Herty Building, 5003 Jacksonville Hwy
Waycross, GA 31503 United States
Cost: $50.00
Register here.

LINK TO PDF
GET DIRECTIONS
Registration priority is given to those within the Lower Altamaha Project Area.
Fire & Longleaf will guide landowners and natural resource professionals through the longleaf-specific considerations to address when planning to burn, and contribute to achieving more desirable effects when managing with fire. Staff instructors from The Longleaf Alliance and partner agencies will guide participants through evaluating, planning, igniting and managing prescribed fires during this 2.5-day Longleaf Academy.
Weather-permitting, there will be a demonstration burn, or a tour of local areas being managed with fire.

Virtual S-131 Firefighter Type I
2021-11-16
*Presented in a 100% virtual format via Canvas and Zoom*
All participants MUST have wildland fire experience including having been on a minimum of 3 burns before taking this training and must have evidence of having completed S-130/190 (Basic Wildland Firefighter training) prior to this course.
Register for the course here.
This is a National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) training course designed for individuals with wildland fire experience who are currently qualified as a Firefighter Type 2 (FFT2), and who desire to be qualified as a Firefighter Type 1 (FFT1) or Incident Commander Type 5 (ICT5) in the National Interagency Incident Management System: Wildland Fire Qualification System Guide (PMS 310-1).
This course will explore fireline reference materials, communications, tactical decision making, position responsibilities, and operational leadership.
*Note: S-133 is no longer offered; material previously covered in that course is now covered during the S-131 course.
